Student Athletes Should Not Receive Additional Money Essay -- Argument

Student Athletes Should Not Receive Additional Money When a scholar athlete signs a letter of intent to count at a division one school, he or she is generally happy for the opportunity to perform at the highest level of college competition. Like all estim up to(p) things though, they eventually come to an end. After awhile athletes soon puzzle to realize not all of their expenses are paid for. Because some of the extra costs in college are put on student athletes, some suggest the NCAA and other sources should provide additional funding to help athletes out. This issue has created a heated take over the relationship between money and college athletes. On the contrary, the stronger argument lies with those individuals that say student athletes should not receive additional money, and how the NCAA is dealing with the situation right instantaneously is fine. In other words, athletes competing at the division one level do not need to be paid any amount of money on top of obtaining a scholarship. If the current law the NCAA has now is working, then it should not be fixed. Because this is such a huge topic, there are still arguments for the opposition.In contrast to the NCAAs rules and regulations, those in favor of paying student athletes say money is a necessity to get through college. They say even though full ride athletes receive a free education, certain accessories still require money from their own pocket. Some of these items include laundry, clothing, phone bills, transportation, entertainment, toiletries, and eating morose campus. The money for these things usually comes from parents or, if they are lucky, a grant of some kind is given to the athlete. But in order to receive a grant, a student athlete must apply for financial ... ...regarding college athletes receiving money many things would be different in the future. A major concern involves recruiting. Universities allowed to pay players would be able to buy recruits and this m ay persuade them to attend the school offering the most money. Its almost like a free agent in headmaster sports. Attending the school with the most to offer decreases the likelihood of a fair playing ground for all of college athletics. As a result certain schools would be major powerhouses and it would stay this way forever. Concluding all the ideas and argument above illustrates just a small portion of why the NCAA has yet to pass a law of this magnitude. The evidence for all those in supporting athletes receiving money are not strong enough for action to take place. Overall if student athletes begin to get paid, collegiate sports will become corrupted.

Huxley’s Human’s Shortcomings of Analysis :: Huxley Hyperion Satyr Essays

Huxleys Humans Shortcomings of Analysis Aldous Huxleys Hyperion to a Satyr makes outlandish usage of overclarification and unnecessary dramatics to draw ahilarious portrait of the human struggle against its intrinsic nature.His comparison of the techniques, successful and failed, used by human beings to physic bothy dispose of and psychologically deal with the problemof humanwaste, exposes a universality of human thought, emotion, and solution.Thevarious ideologies queried and explained serve to instill within thereadera unifying perspective of mankind, rather than a dividing one. Thisis anincredibly operative point, considering the difficulties encounteredbythe general individual who desires to know the past beyond simple eventsandoutcomes. By contrastingthis property of human analysis against Huxleysdescriptions of theclasses and their relations, a greater sense of theperspectivenecessary todiscern and fathom our homo is gained. The leaven consists of an opening retelling of the events concerning a walk on the beach with Thomas Mann, which hethen transitions into discussions on dirt, philosophical perspective, breath,fecal matter, animalistic nature, urbanism, chemical methods, symbolization,slavery and class distinction, political systems, and religion. In general,theseare all related to specific time periods or societies, and the troublesencountered and solutions embarked upon by those who were limited by perspective.Huxley repeatedly reminds the reader of his/her own limitations of perspectivethat must be as well inherently present by the inclusion of unrelated examples of futuristic prediction, or in some cases, futuristic damnation. Thistemporal mode of analysis is the relevant context the essay must ultimately be viewed in. By describing the various elementsof subject matter far beyond what would be the necessity of reader understanding, Huxley turns an otherwise historical credit line to an intellectual one. Theissue of human excrement, f ilth, symbolization, solution, etc. is doubtlessoften dealt with in sociological and cultural studies, but Huxleys technique of using this problem as a vehicle into the past and modern mind isunique. This is why the paper must be viewed in terms of a greater picturethan the individual events described. The methodology to be used takesgreatest use of Huxleys demonstrations of contrast, and is therefore focusedonthe shifts and variances of perspective. This is often broght aboutin situations where he alternately raises the most miniscule of detailsto the highest pedestal and dismisses the giants of philosophy in commonlists. The purpose of this is to even the bias of time, or essentiallyto bring home the bacon the reader with a firm grasp of the notion that all great thoughtis still limited by environment.

Essay on Oppression in The Yellow Wallpaper, At the Cadian Ball, and Th

Fighting Oppression in The Yellow Wallpaper, At the Cadian Ball, and The Storm In their works, Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Kate Chopin appearing that freedom was not universal in America in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. The three works, The Yellow Wallpaper, At the Cadian Ball, and The Storm menace the oppression of women by society. This works also illustrate that those women who were passive in the face of this oppression risk losing not only their identity, but their sanity as well. Gilmans female narrator, who either chose not to fight this tradition or was unable to do so, loses her sanity at the hands of an oppressive male-dominated American society. The narrator feels certain(prenominal) that the rest cure prescribed by her doctor is not working. She says that the men in her life are wrong to limit her activity. She feels that she could escape her depression if devoted the chance. Personally, I disagree with their ideas. I believe that congenial wor k, with excitement and change, would do me good.1 But despite this knowledge, the narrator does not act out against what she believes to be the incorrect ideas of the men who confine her and make her mental illness worse. Her growing insanity is inspired by and represented in the wallpaper of the storys title. The pattern on the wallpaper represents to the narrator and to the reader the male-dominated society that is depriving the narrator of her freedom. For the narrator, on a personal level, the pattern on the wallpaper represents the actions of her husband, doctor and her husbands sister to keep her locked in the room and idle. While these people are ostensibly attempting to aid the narrator, they are in effect imprisoning her i... ...he Yellow Wallpaper, the narrator does not act out and she loses her sanity. In At the Cadian Ball, Clarisse acts out and she is successful. Calixta does not act out and she submits to a marriage to a man for whom she feels less passion. In The S torm, Clarisse continues to be happy because she acts in a manner that suits her. She goes away when she feels like it and both she and Alcee are happy. The theme that is recurrent in these stories is that it is important for a womans happiness and well-being to act out against an cheating(prenominal) society. Works Cited * 1 The Yellow Wallpaper, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Norton Anthology of American Literature, 1994, W.W. Norton & Company, New York, p. 646. * 2 Ibid, p. 653. * 3 The Storm, Kate Chopin, The Norton Anthology of American Literature, 1994, W.W. Norton & Company, New York, p. 493.

Essay example --

The spectacular Irish Famine was undoubtedly one of Irelands darkest periods of history. The Great Famine, or also referred to as the Irish Potato famine was from 1845 through and through 1852 where many people starved, were disease stricken, poor and some forced to emigrate. The reliance on the potato to the Irish people was so great that when the Famine struck, the universe of discourse declined greatly. The famine caused around one million deaths and another million immigrated to different countries. The Irish peoples health, death and emigration didnt only collision themselves and their families but also Irelands social and economical state. For what began as a natural disaster, the conditions of Ireland during and post famine were intensified by actions (or the lack of action) from the Whig government. (BBC)In 1800 the British do of Union made Ireland apart of the United Kingdom after the Irish staged a major rebellion against British rule. Before the famine happened, Irel and was a society in a crisis because of a rapidly expanding population. The population went from 2.5 million to 8.5 million, which put pressure on land, and food. The potato was a cheap crop, which was the staple aliment of the rural population of Ireland. While it was cheap and easily accessible, it was also easily diseased. Potatoes are good with cleansing soil so they became more numerous in Irelands agriculture and diet. About one acre of potato growth could devote a family for a year since it is a crop that is healthy and can well feed people. Pre-famine, the rural poor people of Ireland ate around fourteen pounds of potato per person per day. They would eat it for breakfast, lunch and dinner with a liquid compliment such as salty water, skimmed milk, buttermilk, etc. The potato was ... ...sh Potato famine from 1845-1852 was Irelands greatest natural disaster that created a lasting struggle. The famine produced struggles that had a great effect on the economic and social t rends for many years. The impact it had on the country and its lasting legacy through out the world is significant in Irish history. Unfortunately the famine had great negative impact on the country and forced many citizens to immigrate. The political aspect of the famine was disordered and produced a lot of difficulties and troubles. Although it is unknown what exactly the death count was, it was exceptionally high enough to be called a natural disaster, which occurred within the authority of Great Britian. Great Britian was the most industrially advanced empire at the time. The impact that Great Britian had on the Irish famine produces questions on how they reacted to the tragedy.

Does Geography control your destiny? :: essays research papers

Human activity has major effects on geography. When studying the existence you can come to several conclusions about the geography of any particular civilization. Distribution of life in the civilization allows you to analyze whether their geography is their own destiny. Do people control their own destiny? Is geography something that people can control? Technology is really the key to why geography can be overcome by any people.Throughout the history of the earth we have seen many countries leave their homeland. Most of these countries however, are those that are not inland. Countries which were not landlocked organized themselves and set sail for new territories to explore. Boat technology allowed for travel, resulting in the whole world becoming more accessible and allowing people to overcome what was view to be indestructible geography. Obviously access to the sea lowers transport costs and aids economic growth. Yet this mattered less in earlier centuries. Even in some ancient civilizations, they learned to overcome the problem of not having technology. The original silk route from China to Europe used the camel rather than the ship. Only when ship visualize became advanced from the 15th century onwards did sea-borne trade gain centre-stage.India and China however, were landlocked and were by far the greatest industrial powers in the world process the Industrial revolution. Technology, not geography, helped temperate agriculture and industry to zoom ahead. One way a country overcomes geographical isolation is to improve its transportation infrastructure. ruin roads, ports, paths, and other modes of transport provide access to world markets. But a country can only derive full benefits from these investments against a backdrop of well-behaved trade and macroeconomic policies. Consequently this leads to the belief that people again control the thought of their own geography. Note that Europeans migrated in enormous numbers to warmer climates from the se venteenth century onwards. However these warmer climates were not always easy to live in. The conditions that a person living in a tropical climate would present up with were far greater than those who live in the subtropics. Global warming has been a huge concern in the entire world. In The Wealth and poorness of Nations, David S. Landes argues that Europes temperate climate encouraged hard work and capitalist development, while the heat of the tropics brought reliance on slaves. The communications revolution has shrunk distances. Bangalore, currently the software product capital of India with Hyderabad a close second, has proven that landlocked countries can do just as well and that overcoming geography can happen.

Does Geography control your destiny? :: essays research papers

Human activity has major effects on geography. When studying the estate you can come to several conclusions about the geography of any particular civilization. Distribution of life in the civilization allows you to analyze whether their geography is their own destiny. Do people control their own destiny? Is geography something that people can control? Technology is really the key to why geography can be overcome by any people.Throughout the history of the earth we have seen many countries leave their homeland. Most of these countries however, are those that are not landlocked. Countries which were not landlocked organized themselves and set sail for new territories to explore. Boat technology allowed for travel, resulting in the whole world becoming more accessible and allowing people to overcome what was ruling to be indestructible geography. Obviously access to the sea lowers transport costs and aids economic growth. Yet this mattered less in earlier centuries. Even in some anci ent civilizations, they learned to overcome the problem of not having technology. The original silk route from China to Europe used the camel rather than the ship. Only when ship conception became advanced from the 15th century onwards did sea-borne trade gain centre-stage.India and China however, were landlocked and were by far the greatest industrial powers in the world money box the Industrial revolution. Technology, not geography, helped temperate agriculture and industry to zoom ahead. One way a country overcomes geographical isolation is to improve its transportation infrastructure. go against roads, ports, paths, and other modes of transport provide access to world markets. But a country can only derive full benefits from these investments against a backdrop of better trade and macroeconomic policies. Consequently this leads to the belief that people again control the thought of their own geography. Note that Europeans migrated in enormous numbers to warmer climates from the seventeenth century onwards. However these warmer climates were not always easy to live in. The conditions that a person living in a tropical climate would throw off up with were far greater than those who live in the subtropics. Global warming has been a huge concern in the entire world. In The Wealth and scantness of Nations, David S. Landes argues that Europes temperate climate encouraged hard work and capitalist development, while the heat of the tropics brought reliance on slaves. The communications revolution has shrunk distances. Bangalore, currently the software product capital of India with Hyderabad a close second, has proven that landlocked countries can do just as well and that overcoming geography can happen.

Friedrich Wilhelm August Froebel

Friedrich Wilhelm August Froebel (1782-1852) was a German educator born in Oberweisbach. He is known as the founder of Kindergarten and was one of the most influential educational reformers of the 19th century. Froebel had a difficult puerility. His mother died when he was still young, and his father, a pastor, and stepmother neglected to care for him. Finally, an uncle took all over his care and ensured that he receive a high school education. It was there that young Froebel grew up with a love for nature and strong Christian faith, which light-emitting diode him to seek happiness and unity in all things. Froebels faith also led him to think as an educationalist.Froebel studied at the University of Jena for a short-change time. In 1805, while studying architecture in Frankfurt, he was persuaded to become a teacher by the model school at Frankfurt. He therefore studied with Pestalozzi at Yverdon, before returning to the University of Gottigen and Berlin in Germany. Froebel believe d that there was something missing in Pestalozzis theory- the spiritual mechanism. According to Froebel, this was the basis of early childhood education. Pestalozzi takes man existing only in appearance on earth, he said, but I take man in his staring(a) being, in his eternal existence. (Shapiro, 1983, p.20.)Froebel took a break from studying to join the army for a year from 1813-1814. Afterwards, he received a position at the mineralogical museum in the University of Berlin. Two geezerhood later, he founded a school at Greisheim (which later mover to Keilau) which he called the Universal German Educational Institute. It was there that he taught his methods to other teachers.Froebel opened the scratch line Kindergarten in the year of 1837 in Bad Blankenburg. Later, he also founded a Kindergarten training school at Liebenstein. Froebel felt that children, like plants in a garden, accept to be cared for and shielded from outside influences. Froeble believed that children need to i mitate a teachers values and morals. Therefore, teachers need to be respected, receptive, and easily approachable.Among Froebels subordinates, however, there were uninterrupted disputes, which he was unable to control. He encountered more problems when the Prussian government did not approve of his ideas. In 1851, an edict was issued, which forbade the establishment of Kindergartens. This decree was repealed almost 10 historic period later- in 1860. Froebel was not alive at that time and had no idea of the impact he left on the school system worldwide, and especially in the United States.The philosophers of his times, Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762-1814) and Friedrich Wilhelm Schelling (1775-1854), also influenced Froebels educational ideas. He placed an emphasis on self-activity, physical training, and pleasant surroundings in the development of children. His most all-important(a) work was the book he wrote in 1826 called Menschenerziehung (tr. The Education of Man, 1877).

A Book Report on A Slant of Sun: One Child`s Courage

A lie of Sun One Childs resolution was named Best Book of the Year by Salon magazine and The Philadelphia Inquirer. The book is also a finalist for the 1998 National Book Award for Nonfiction. A Slat of Sun was quickly regarded as a contemporary classic, as it was highly commended for its heartwarming story about love in the saying of a great challenge between mother and son.This book is a personal memoir of Beth Kephart, about her son, Jeremy, who had a PDD diagnosis. Kephart narrates her familys search for medical and therapeutic assistance, as well as the answers she had found serendipitously along her way. In the face of a great challenge, a mother rediscovers herself and life in general. She lives with her family in Pennsylvania.According to one of the book reviews available online, A Slant of Sun One Childs Courage gives voice to all of the mothers who ever wondered about their childs difference, and the revised definition of motherhood in the shadow of disability, (Gabovitc h, 2002).Another review says, Kepharts fears that her own maternal failings atomic number 18 whatsoeverhow implicated in Jeremys problem stand out as the emotional core of this memoir. Her faith in her son, perseverance, and eventual acceptance of herself play as important a role in his healing process (DiLucchio, 1998).Both reviews focused on the rich message intended for mothers in A Slant of Sun. In her review, she notes that a childs disability creates a new concept of motherhood, and ultimately, it redefines a mothers life, especially the way she perceives herself as a mother.Indeed, A Slant of Sun tugs at mothers heart strings because motherhood is difficult as it is. A childs difficulty multiplies the challenges in many ways, and as such, mothers are called to summon all their courage and give the best love that they can give so that their children can prolong a taste of a normal life.The main characters in the story are the author herself, and her son, Jeremy. They are su pported by Bill, the husband and father. The characters each has a solid spirit that seems to have been designed for overcoming struggles.The parents amazing love for their child helped them through the situation, and ultimately helped Jeremy. It is difficult to divide sympathy among them, because each couldnt possibly be suffering to a greater extent than the other, considering how much love they have for each other.Jeremys case is called PDD or pervasive developmental disorder. It is as vague as it sounds, which made it even more than difficult for Jeremys family to understand the scenario they were in. PDD is somehow related to the complex autism disorder, except PDD seemed milder.Evenso, there were no sufficiently authoritative medical conclusion about PDD, let alone manuals for parents whose children also have Jeremys disorder. The author said her child screamed each time strangers approached him and spent a lot of time daily rearranging his toys into some pattern that only he (Jeremy) can understand.I think the book is more than successful at bringing to public attention the case of PDD. For one, the author radius from her home, and from her heart. When a highly technical or complicated disorder should be understood by the public, there is no better way than to tell it as it is experienced daily in the family. Not just families who are familiar with the disorder appreciate the book practically every reader who loves his/her family could relate to it.The info and imagery within the story that chronicles the familys daily reactions to Jeremys PDD episodes is related to the readers in a fantastic manner. Kephart should be commended for relaying a story so atrocious yet so full of positive vibe about it. There are even moments in the story when Kephart sounded life and rich in sentiency of humor. As it is written straight from a mothers heart, every word was raw and striking, as if the conversation was personal and one-on-one.Jeremys parents found expert s opinions lacking, so they took matters into their own loving hands. They allowed Jeremy to keep his interests trains and cars to planes and trucks and allowed him to react to strangers in his own way, while they stay close to back him up.More importantly, the parents made a wise decision by picking a good school for Jeremys learning progress. By clinging to her intuition and creative imagination, Jeremys mother helped him find his way through the grubby tunnel of his disorder, which not many medical experts could do on their own. True enough, parents love, more specially a mothers love, is the most powerful healer of all.The book made me appreciate my normal life more. I also think it is a powerful reminder that not everything can be solve by knowledge gained by education. While education is important and its worth cannot be discounted, it is not the only solution to our lifes trials. In fact, a persons strong will and sheer determination can help him get things done. Jeremys parents were not experts in Jeremys condition, but in the end, it was them who found the ways to make Jeremy function normally in the society.Ultimately, the parents unyielding belief that their child could be well has helped Jeremy overcome the difficulties caused by his disorder.BibliographyKephart, B. (1998). A Slant of Sun One Childs Courage. New York W. W. Norton & Co., Inc.Harper Collins. Beth Kephart from Harper Collins Publishers.Retrieved November 9, 2006.Web site http//www.harpercollins.com/authors/19248/Beth_Kephart/index.aspxGabovitch, E. (2002). Book Review Mothers and Autism. Retrieved November 9, 2006. Web site http//www.firstsigns.org/articles/mothers_2002.htmDiLucchio , P. (1998). Amazons Customer Review. Retrieved November 9, 2006.Website http//www.amazon.ca/Slant-Sun-One-Childs-Courage/dp/product- definition/0393027422

Planning Function of Management Essay

Planning is a crucial function of management that enables an organization to achieve its maximum potential. Halliburton is one of the largest corporations in the United States, with a hands of everywhere 100,000 people in over 120 countries. Their home office is located in Houston, Texas and they are one of the worlds largest providers of products and services to the anoint and gas industry. This paper will discuss the issues impacting and influencing management planning within Halliburton.Management is doing things right leadership is doing the right things.Peter DruckerIt takes successful management at all levels and quality leadership to lead a business down the proverbial golden path. Planning is the primary management function, which formalizes an organizations goals and objectives and establishes a base for the other functions of management.Halliburton Company is an oil colourfield services company and a provider of engineering and construction services that was founded in 1919. The company has expanded through awesome internal growth and several acquisitions and in March, 2002, Halliburton split into two main divisions the Energy Services Group (ESG) and Kellog Brown and Root (KBR). ESG offers a wide depart of products and services to upstream oil and gas customers worldwide, ranging from the manufacturing of drill bits and other downhole and completion tools and pressure pumping services (www.halliburton.com) APA citation error (incorrect-do not use Web addresses or URLs in citations). If the author is cited in textbook = Authors name (year) direct quote (p. ). If the author is not cited in text = direct quote (author, year, p. ). . KBR is the engineering subsidiary for Halliburton and is a global leader in construction and project management. Additionally, KBR is a leading government services contractor, which has been the focal point of many legal and ethical issues.Halliburton has received a great deal of negative publicity over the past year or so regarding it Iraq and Kuwait operations. The Pentagon and Justice Department have both launched criminal investigations due to erroneous contract cost estimates totaling $2.7 billion to serve American troops inthe middle east. Accusations have been made of overcharging for meals supplied to troops in Iraq, as well as employees accepting kickbacks from a Kuwaiti subcontractor. Pentagon auditors found that KBR overcharged the U.S. government by $27.4 jillion during a period of nine months in 2003. Additionally, Halliburtons internal audit revealed employees accepted these kickbacks in exchange for providing Army supply contracts to the subcontractor (Associated Press). Limited military expenditure has created lucrative opportunities for privately held companies such as Halliburton to win these contracts and will continue to be at the forefront of media campaigns as long as the United States stay in Iraq, especially when it comes to Dick Cheney. You have addressed the issue th oroughly and supported your assertions.Much speculation has been generated in regard to current Vice chairman of the United States and former Halliburton CEO Dick Cheneys financial ties to his former company. On the September 14, 2003 edition of NBCs Meet the Press, Vice President Cheney said, And since I left Halliburton to become George Bushs vice president, Ive several all my ties with the company, gotten rid of all my financial interest. I have no financial interest in Halliburton of any kind and havent had, now, for over three years (St. Louis Journalism Review). However, it came to light that Cheney received a salary of over $150,000 and avowed over 400,000 shares of unexercised stock options at the time. Cheney stated that he deferred his salary and stock options therefore it did not constitute a violation of ethics. The Congressional research Service found that these financial interests in Halliburton demonstrated a financial interest with his former employer creating a conflict of interest. Despite the fact that Cheney broke the justness of ethics, he is exempt from the enforcement of such laws and cannot be prosecuted for it (Halliburton Watch).KBR is the largest military contractor in Iraq, with more than 50,000 employees and subcontractor working there and in Kuwait and Afghanistan. These employees drive trucks, wash clothes, throw in mail, and provide additional support services for the U.S. troops. These workers are part of the Pentagons privatization strategy that enables the military to reduce the number of troops needed in a given location by assigning noncombat functions to civilians. Halliburtons social responsibility is to keep theseworkers safe and away from fighting, but it has proved a difficult task. numerous complaint and lawsuits have surfaced because of Halliburtons failure to provide safe working conditions and in the case of one man who was killed, the suit states he was intentionally direct the convoy as an enemy decoy in t he U.S. military camouflage vehicles, to ensure the safe arrival and delivery of a second H-KBR fuel convoy (CNNMoney.com). Halliburtons social responsibility remains in question with workers being placed in harms way on a regular basis.Factors influencing Halliburtons strategic, tactical, operational, and fortuity planning include political instability, rising steel prices, and environmental regulations. Halliburton operated in countries such as Iran, Iraq, Nigeria, Afghanistan, Indonesia, and Russia, which are currently experiencing unstable political and social climates. move conflict in these areas could have an impact on the companys bottom line and their ability to generate substantial revenue. Steel is a major commodity that is used in the setting up of plant and processing facilities for natural gas and petroleum refining. Record breaking high prices were reached in first 2005, but have since stabilized. However, the ongoing consolidation in the steel industry could lead to higher prices causing the profit margins to suffer. Lastly, Halliburton is subject to environment and legal demand in its worldwide operations, such as the Clean Air Act and Clean Air Interstate Rule, causing the states to reduce the allowable sulfur dioxide SO2 emissions by 70% and nitrogen oxides emissions by 60%.Environmental issues such as these could place a burden on is cash flow. Insightful analysisHalliburton has an exceptional global social movement and they are currently playing a prominent role in rebuilding Iraq and by providing our troops with shelter, meals, and delivery of materials. Although Halliburton has come under intense interrogatory over the past several years due to its involvement with Vice-President Chaney and its legal and ethical issues, it has still managed to win military contracts due to its expertise in the oil service industry. This shows tremendous resiliency and reassures its customers and stockholders that it will continue to be a strong for ce in the oilfield services industry. Your paper is well written. It is clear and concise.References-references mustiness match citations by author/owner.References begin with author/owner name e.g. CNN.money and Halburton are the owners of the websites. See examples in APA manual.MarketLine Business Information Center. Retrieved January 27, 2007 fromhttp//dbic.datamonitor.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/companies/company/?pid=B07921BD-F512-44F2-AE84-4DA7D8630C9DCompanyOverviewTop 25 Censored Stories. St. Louis Journalism Review Dec 2006/Jan 2007, Vol. 36Issue 292, P23-27, 5p. Retrieved January 26, 2007 fromhttp//web.ebscohost.com.Decision Management System. Retrieved January 28, 2007 from www.halliburton.comHalliburton Announces Full Year and Fourth Quarter Results. Retrieved January 28,2007 from http//CNNMoney.comKelly, Matt. (2003, March). Halliburton Fires Workers for Allegedly Taking Kickbacksfor Iraq Contract. Retrieved Janury 27, 2007 from www.commondreams.orgTotal points ava ilable=14Your score=13.75Areas for service=teal belowContent and Development = 40%_____ Key elements covered, heart and soul comprehensive/accurate, clear points supported with detail, appropriate use of vocabulary, integration of theory and practice, research adequate/timely, content and purpose clear. Very good work on this section.Organization = 30%_____ Lead is interesting and relevant, thesis is well-developed, directional statement previews major points, paragraph transitions maintain flow, body paragraphs support a specific major point, conclusion is logical/flows evenly, conclusion reviews major points. Good work-very well organized. Easy to read.Format = 10%_____ APA format, lecturer friendly, utilizes references appropriately, headings aid adaptability/not overdone, neatly presented, format requirements followed. Some small errors in APA formatting of reference page and citations. (-.25)Mechanics = 10%_____ Punctuation rules followed, contractions avoided, spelling corr ect, vernacular is avoided, written in same person throughout, tense remains consistent.Readability and Style-10%_____ Complete, clear, concise statements, well constructed sentences, sentence transitions present, words/concepts precise,

The Saga Surrounding Assault Rifles

Gun control has been a sore issue in the United States since a long while back. in that location has been much debate over whether crap-shooters should be banned in the country, the ownership of which is actually grounded in the constitution. In this regard, lobbyists of both sides become been pushing hard for a long time. A particular issue that now seems to have arisen from the middle relates to banning disgrace rifles. By the second amendment, every citizen of the United States has the remedy to fag out fire arms for his or her own protection as well as the possible need for a militia in times of war (Kopel 1999).This is a remnant of the countrys history which had to endure a revolutionary war against Great Britain, a massive civil war as well as the ever present issue of slavery which always seemed to require households to carry guns. Since then gun control has become a touchy issue. In this regard, a ban was brought into place on assault weapons in 1994 which saw the end of a ten year reign in 2004 when the republican president George Bush refuse to extend it (Carter 2009). Now most people argue that it is military style assault rifles that should be banned and not handguns or those used for hunting and sport.Assault rifles such as AK-47s can be used to shoot triune rounds of bullets at a fast pace. The argument that is being made is that Americans have the proper(ip) to bear firearms but the use of assault rifles is wholly unnecessary. With the use of standard guns, people can fulfill their desire to possess firearms for sport or for their personal protection but the availability of assault rifles creates a whole new pantheon of problems (Carter 2009). Rapid firing weapons allow criminals to shoot down civilians as has been illustrated in the case of Pittsburgh.They be used in school shootings, by gangs and drug mafias and can pierce through the protective clothing worn by legal philosophy officers (Kazmer 2009). However, the solution has neve r been so simple as to ban the weapons outright. The National Rifle Association has been a strong opponent of this and is buoyed by strong house from nearly sectors of the public. The delicacy of the situation can be adequately represented by President Obamas back step from his vociferous promises to continue with the gun ban during his campaign.Now in a recent trip to Mexico, he has pushed for the need to carry on the existing legislation and controls and make them work better (Powell 2009). This has been harming to many gun lobbyists as well but it speaks of the times we live in. The last president to bring about the ban lost office currently enough at the hands of dissident voters which is a testament to the thorny nature of the issue. Indeed gun lobbyists make their own points in favor of assault rifles as well. It is argued that there are always exceptions to the rule that are not being considered.There is a need for assault rifles by the public in some cases. Boat owners i n the Gulf coast region have to frequently face harassment from drug smugglers who can easily dispose of vindicated civilians with their rapid firing semi automatic guns. In this case, self defense is not possible without assault rifles. A store owner being faced with a hold up by a gang may need the rapid firing power of an assault rifle to fight off the multiple enemies who venture him without which he may end up losing his money as well as his life.Rural farmers in many cases have to contend with bear attacks. These creatures are not easy to fend off with traditional rifles and handguns and assault rifles may be necessary for a farmer to defend his family in the rural natural state (Kopel 1999). It is further argued that the everyday criminal makes use of hand guns mostly and does not indulge in the purchase of assault rifles which therefore do not threaten public security. Both sides continue to make strong points in favor of their cause.However what has to be distinguished n ow is that whether it is more important to protect a right that has been ingrained into the constitution of the country and to consider the needs of particular citizens or to lessen the number of deadly guns available in the streets that result in deaths of innocent people. In this regard, one has to consider the facts. While it is known that assault rifles may be necessary in some cases, they in any case prove to be a severe detriment to American society as well.In 2006, it was estimated that more than thirty thousand people died in the year due to firearms and therefore accounted for nearly cardinal percent of all injury related deaths. Similarly in 2005, a teenager was killed with a firearm nearly every nine hours (Carter 2009). These deaths were caused primarily by assault rifles. It is necessary that the fundamental rights of the American people be defended. However, the issue is not just about rights but about something much deeper. It relates to the security and the entire living of the American public.If keeping these assault rifles open to the public does not give us a better society, what good is there to protect this right? Certainly freedoms should not be curtailed but should be defended to every last inch but if it compromises the very security of our children and our future, then it is a freedom worthy relinquishing. The ideal solution would be banning assault rifles all together. However, if this can not be met, it requires at least that better controls and back ground checks be brought into place with regards to gun purchases.This would not only help to control the damage to some extent and protect the rights under the second amendment but may also help to lower the trafficking of these assault weapons to the drug cartels in Mexico which are armed through the United States. A better society is indeed worth rubbish for and if compromises have to be made for a better future, it is perhaps prudent to make them now rather than let the bearers of our future suffer. Biblio

Bhagavad Gita: The Choice of Arjuna Essay

The Bhagavad Gita is peerless of the most renowned pieces of literature from India. It is the most popular segment of the Mahabarata, and is recognized as an essential instruction of the Hindu religion. The title, when translated to the English language, means Song of the Blessed peerless. It is a profound religious poem composed of 700 stanzas, arranged in 18 chapters, within the spacious Sanskrit grand of Mahabarata. Various philosophic and religious points of view be expressed in the Bhagavad Gita, but its greatest message is that God can best be known and reached by man through loving devotion to Him (Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, no page).In this Indian classic, a dialogue transpired amid Arjuna, the general of the Pandava forces in the epic battle, and his charioteer Krishna, who is an incarnation of the god Vishnu. Just before the battle, Arjuna has Krishna drive him into the unoccupied ground between the two marshaled armies. As he surveys them he becomes despondent that on the morrow he must fight with kinsmen, friends, and revered teachers. But Krishna, instructing him, tells him that as a warrior he must not avoid a battle of righteousness.In addition, he subscribe to fear no harm in the highest sense, for the highest part of man, the soul, cannot be destroyed, and is in fact unitary in all men. Krishna then develops his teaching of God and the soul, and in Chapter 11 reveals himself in transcendent form. Arjuna accepts the teaching, is heartened, and prepares to enter the battle, which his side is destined to win (Johnson 3-82). Ethical Issues in the Gita The opening chapter of the Gita depicts the hero Arjuna in a dilemma between his social duties and his familial obligations.His predicament is that he is a member of the warrior class, or the ksatriya varna, that instructs him to engage in a battle against his own family members. However, these blood attachments leaves Arjuna hesitant from fighting, thereby resulting to a heightened tensi on. This brought Arjuna absolute grief, for the mere prospect of committing wrong against his kinsmen is inconceivable. Therefore, he sought the wisdom of his charioteer and counselor. This is the human form Lord Krishna, with Arjuna oblivious of his charioteers real identity.Arjuna confided that he has arrived to a decision that he would not fight his family (Gupta 380). Krishna gladly came to Arjunas aid in resolving the latters dilemma using some(prenominal) absolute and relative standpoints (Gupta 380). According to Krishna, when one takes the absolute standpoint in consideration, the immortality of the self is essential. If one only regard the human body, he would eventually find oneself it destroyed, thereby grieving for the flesh killed in the battlegrounds will be left in futility. Since humans have immortal souls, both birth and death are transcended.On the other hand, from the relative point of view, Krishna tells Arjuna that his membership into the warrior class gives h im the duty to fight. Therefore, it is not negotiable whether he would perform this duty. For he must do what he ought to do, for both moral and spiritual values are in line. He is a soldier, and this is his niche. It is his mandate to act as a soldier to engage in a righteous war, fighting for both truth and righteousness and regain the balance of morality in his society. Hence, the only option, the only proper action, is for Arjuna to fight in the war.One must do what he is assigned to do for the sake of doing it, and not because of the possible results of his actions. He therefore needs to learn to detach himself from the important results of his actions and only commit his entire soul in doing his duty (Gupta 381). The primary teachings of the Hindu religion, especially in this context, are not comparable to that of Kants monotone imperative. Instead, it is not an unconditional command (Gupta 381). When an individual belongs to a specific caste, then the role of the caste is e ndowed upon him.When a somebody is warrior by caste, then he is obliged to participate in battles defending righteousness. And when one is priest by caste, then one must always prevent himself from engaging in fighting. One must never be associated with the duty of another, for he is expected to do his duties given to his own caste (Gupta 381). Personal Duty The choice that Krishna is imposing on Arjuna is a very heavy course to take. Perhaps it takes a strong conviction upon well-founded religious judgements in order to stand by this decision.I personally do not agree with the reasoning that Krishna gave, for my moral compass tells me that blood is thicker than water. I can never commit evil or any(prenominal) act of transgression against my kin, for I do value familial relationships without extent nor condition. The decision that Krishna wishes for Arjuna to take is somehow in contrary to my personal principles. I do not condone sacrificing the lives of the good deal I love fo r the purpose of self-benefit. For in this case, I see the performance of ones personal duty is more of a selfish act.It only served you, and not the people you love. I have been taught by my religion to give unconditional love towards others, and to always think of the well-being or my neighbor. I weigh that Krishnas argument does not apply to me as it is not applicable in my life. This does not however mean that it is unworkable or far-fetched. The example I could think that this dilemma is possible to arise is on the lives of policemen and soldiers. Police officers are expected to enforce the law regardless of the person who committed the crime, for no one is above the law.However, especially in critical and life threatening cases, some are faced with the dilemma whether to arrest people they love who they know perpetrated a certain crime. Although it is ones moral obligation to convince his loved one to confess or to arrest him, it is lighten difficult to do what is righteo us. Here, one is give a duty that must be performed no matter what. As a student, I do believe that I have a duty. And this duty is to prepare myself to a life ahead of me in order to make a positive contribution for the onward motion of this world.I am the hope of this generation to direct the world into the righteous path and correct the societal wrongs I could possibly change. With this at heart, I do believe that I have a determine nature. It is a spirit that would never be daunted in the face of obstacles, for I know what I must achieve. Conclusion The Gita presents a very important perspective of the Hindu religion, which enables us to understand the moral grounds of the people belonging to this religious belief. It is difficult to grasp the essence of the storys moral, for it is somehow foreign to the values that I have been accustomed to.But being exposed to other kinds of belief systems, to other principles, and to other practices allows me to rethink my character. The Git a is about Arjuna and how he followed the advice of Krishna. Whether or not it is the universal choice, the important thing is to obey the dictates of the heart of what is right and what is wrong. Sticking to ones principles somehow outweighs the actual consequences of ones actions. For one cannot always anticipate what cannot be predicted, one can only act upon what one severely believes in, and fight for it.

Liver cancer or ‘hepatocellular carcinoma’

colorful crabby person or hepatocellular carcinoma (or malignant hepatoma) is a malignant neoplasm that develops from the cells of the liver. The tumor may develop from liver as the primary site, or from spread from early(a) sites in the body (secondary cancer). Primary cancer of the liver slight frequently occurs compared to secondary cancer. So far, in the year 2007, close to 19, 000 new cases of liver cancer (both primary and secondary cancers) have developed in the year, and ab step up 16, 800 patients have died from the disorder (NCI, 2007). The type of dispensement utilized and the outcome of the disorder depend on several factors including staging and spread of the cancer and the general health of the patient (and also other patient factors).If the disorder is detected and hard-boiled in the early stages, the outcome is usually better. Some of the treatment methods recommended for liver cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, liver transplantation, etc. As the current treatment available is rather ineffective in treating liver cancers, it is necessary that newer modalities be developed to treat the condition that would be both safe and effective. Some of the newer therapies that are being researched for liver cancers include chemotherapy, chemoembolization, immunotherapy and radiofrequency ablation (NCI, 2002).Chemoembolization is a procedure characterized by mechanically or surgically obstructing the blood supply to the liver and then administering chemotherapeutic agents into the cancerous site so as to destroy them. As the level of chemotherapeutic agents is juicy at the site, they are more capable of destroying the tumor. Besides, the risk of side-effects are less, as the chances of the do drugs spreading in the blood is minimal. Chemoembolization is usually performed to treat liver cancers that cannot be treated by surgery. However, those patients in whom the liver cancer was advanced, spread to other sites of the body, or de veloped associated renal failure, were excluded from the take. Out of 908 patients who were initially identified, 112 matched the criteria and were a part of the get wind. The drug frequently utilized is doxorubicin.The initial results that were obtained through the study were promising. At present, no option is currently available to treat liver cancer. Liver transplantation may have a few limitations. Previously arterial embolization was utilized to treat liver cancer, but the pick rates in such cases could not be determined. In this footrace, the 112 patients were shared out into 3 groups, and one received arterial emobolization only, the other received chemoembolization (arterial embolization and chemotherapy) and the third received conservative treatment. The results obtained through chemoembolization were amazing. 21 out of the 40 patients treated by this method died (survival rate was 47.5 %).On the other hand, 25 out of the 35 patients treated through conservative metho ds died (survival rate 29 %) and 25 out of 37 (survival rate 32.5 %) died from receiving treatment through arterial embolization. However, the complete or long-term results could not be obtained through this trial, as the initial results demonstrated that chemoembolization results were rattling effective. The one-year survival rate for chemoembolization was about 82 % and the two year survival rate was about 63 %. The one-year survival rate for arterial embolization was 75 % and two-year survival rate was 50 %. The one year survival rate for conservative treatment was 63 % and the two year survival rate was 27 % (NCI, 2002).Radiofrequency ablation is frequently utilized to treat liver cancers that cannot be treated by surgery or other methods. In this technique, a specialized probe that emits certain waves, and generates heat in the tissues is utilized. The probe generates heat, and the cancerous cells are destroyed. This procedure is usually conducted under anesthesia (NCI, 2002) .Pancreas cancer or islet-cell cancer is a malignant tumor that develops from the cells of the pancreas. It is a rare form of cancer, and in the US, in 2007, about 37, 000 new cases of pancreas cancer has developed and about 33, 370 individuals died from the disorder (NCI, 2002). pancreatic cancer may be difficult to be diagnosed early and treated problem, as the pancreas is a tiny internal organ and usually the condition does not produce any signs or symptoms. Presently, surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are utilized to treat pancreatic cancer. Immunotherapy is still undergoing research for its effectiveness and safety in treating pancreatic cancer.A clinical trial was performed to determine the effectiveness of treating pancreas cancer with gemcitabine and chemoradiation. The effectiveness of 5-fluroracil (an chemotherapeutic agent) and radiotherapy was compared to gemcitabine, along with 5-fluroracil and radiotherapy. One out of every five pancreatic tumors can be treated by surgery. Besides, the outcome following surgery for pancreatic cancers is very poor. The tumor can recur, thus reducing the survival rates. Presently, in the US, chemoradiation is frequently utilized along with surgery in treating pancreatic cancers. 5-Flurouracil is frequently utilized in the chemoradiation. As the chances of recurrences are still high with this modality, researchers have suggesting a clinical trial in which an additional chemotherapeutic agent is utilized along with the standard therapy.Gemcitabine was the drug selected to be utilized along with 5-flurouracil and radiotherapy, following surgery. The main aim of the study was to demonstrate an improved outcome or a better survival rate following use of this combination in treating pancreas cancer. About 442 individuals were selected for this trial and were divided into 2 groups. The individuals of both groups had undergo surgery to remove the tumor and had to also undergo chemoradiation later. In the first group, gemcitabine was administered out front and after the chemoradiation, whereas in the second group, 5-Flurouracil was administered before and after the surgery. Tumors that developed from the head and the tail of the pancreas were included in the study. Gemcitabine used to treat pancreatic head tumors along with chemoradiation was had a survival period of about20.6 months.On the other hand, about 16.9 months was the survival period of those who received 5-Flurouracil. The there year survival rate in those who received gemcitabine was about 32 %, and the three year survival rate in those who received 5-Flurouracil was about 21 %. However, the risk of side-effects was higher in individuals who received gemcitabine. These cells tended to destroy the blood cells. Supportive drugs seemed to be more safe in treating gemcitabine-induced depression in the blood cell counts. The study demonstrated that gemcitabine was more effective in treating tumors arising from the head of the pancreas af ter surgery, than 5-Flurouracil (NCI, 2006).Another study was conducted to determine the beneficial effects of gemcitabine along surgery, and surgery alone. The study population (consisting of 368 individuals) was divided into two groups, the first group was administered gemcitabine following surgery, and the second group was treated with surgery alone. The study demonstrated that recurrence rates of the tumor treated with gemcitabine and surgery was much better than those treated by surgery itself. Recurrence occurred after 13.4 months in those treated with gemcitabine and after 6.9 months in those treated with surgery alone (NCI, 2007).ReferencesNational Cancer pioneer (2002), Liver Cancer Introduction. Retrieved on April 14, 2006, from NCI Web site https//www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/wyntk-liver-cancerNational Cancer Institute (2005), Islet cell cancer, Retrieved on April 14, 2006, from NCI Web site https//www.cancer.gov/National Cancer Institute (2005), Pancre atic Cancer, Retrieved on April 14, 2006, from NCI Web site https//www.cancer.gov/types/pancreaticNational Cancer Institute (2007), Liver Cancer Home Page. Retrieved on April 14, 2006, from NCI Web site https//www.cancer.gov/types/liver

Buddhism in Japan from Prehistoric to Kamakura Period

Buddhism in Japan might have been brought by early merchants traveling the Silk Road from India, to China, to Korea and to Japan. Because of the constant fundamental interaction between these countries, many Buddhist teachings and practices, particularly the Mahayana Buddhism, together with some Chinese cultural traditions became integrated with Japans own cultural development.At first, conflicts with Shinto effect caused delay in the spread of the Buddhist religion. Ancient Japanese people regarded Buddha as one of the kamis yet many were attracted to the beauty of its arts and the promises of concrete benefits such as wealth and longevity. As time went on, more and more people recognized that Buddhism has its own belief that was thought to be complementary with the existent Shinto religion, Japans native religion.During the Nara period, some Buddhist monasteries built around the capital Nara gained political influence in the ruling government. Because of this ambitious and warli ke movement of monasteries, the government was forced to move the capital from Nara to Nagaoka (784AD) and then to Kyoto (794AD). This issue remained a problem for many centuries in the Japanese history. During the Heian Period (794-1185), many sects were grabbing fashionable attention over the Japanese population.These sects presented Buddhism in a way that best suited the ancient Japanese culture and tradition as seen from these three sects Shingon sect (774-835AD) by Kukai True Pure Land Sect (1173-1262) by Shinran and, Lotus Hokke or Nichiren Sect (1222-1282) founded by Nichiren. The acceptance of Buddhism can be attributed from the works of these sects, which tranquillize have millions of followers as of today. In conclusion, Buddhism in Japan became popular since its core practices and teachings were complementary with Shinto religion as shown by popular Buddhist sects named above.References (Buddhism in Japan , Japanese Buddhism, 2004 , A View on Buddhism History of Japanes e Buddhism) Buddhism in Japan. (n. d. ). Retrieved April 6, 2007, from http//afe. easia. columbia. edu/japan/japanworkbook/religion/jbuddhis. hypertext markup language Japanese Buddhism. (2004). Retrieved April 6, 2007, from http//www. japan-guide. com/e/e2055. html A View on Buddhism History of Japanese Buddhism. (November 30, 2006). Retrieved April 6, 2007, from http//buddhism. kalachakranet. org/history_japanese_buddhism. html

Coal Industrys Ethical Analysis Environmental Sciences Essay

The heftiness sedulousness is much relevant today than of each last(predicate) cartridge holder before. A As modern engineering evolves, we down become an null dependent society triping change magnitude demand that we neer anticipated or could hold predicted. vital force has become a necessity in virtually every country of liveliness from agribusiness, conveyance, waste aggregation, information engineering and communications all of which argon critical constituents for closely functional societies. The energy industry is make up of many different subsets, which entangle crude oil, natural gas, sear, atomic, and re sassyable energy. Harmonizing to the United States push button data Administration, the oil and gas industry histories for most of the food market, providing to a greater extent(prenominal) than 60 % of the entire energy consumed. The sear industry follows, claiming 20 % of the industry s market contribution ( United States Energy Information Administr ation ) . These industries face uninterrupted argument sing their exertion and gross revenues, particularly here in the United States. The United States is one of the universe s biggest consumers of energy and the energy industry is the 3rd largest industry within our estate ( Select USA ) . This contention has repayd a batch of promotion for this industry, due to the increased routine and demand for energy as a whole. With more accent being placed on energy efficiency and the environment, the media has heightened involvement and visibleness by concentrating more on the negative facets and sensationalizing the issues that surround this industry. In this subdivision we atomic number 18 travelling to take a circumferent expression at the sear industry, look intoing somewhat of the ethical issues associated with burn. burn Industry A AThroughout history combust has been an abundant and indispensable resource, particularly for us in the United States. We most normally use it to playact aside electricity and heat. sear generates more than 42 % of our electricity, with active 600 coal-fueled spring workss countrywide every post severe as straight and indirectly using over 550,000 persons in the United States entirely. ( America s Power ) . We can non ignore the fact that coal is a major subscriber to our society and slightly everyone benefits from its use nevertheless, unlike most other industries, coal faces a battalion of ethical issues. These issues can be broken down into three classs, environmental, societal, and sust personalability. char creates many challenges for the environment. The most noteworthy 1 has to make with seam pollution and specifically carbon emanations. When burned, coal emits high degrees of C dioxide, the chief nursery gas that causes terrene heating. It anyways emits other toxic pollutants to the air when burned which include sulfur dioxide, N oxides, particulate affair, and atomic number 80 ( Union of Concerned Scientists ) . In add-on to fouling the air, coal can besides foul H2O beginnings, chiefly during the waste direction procedure. char besides creates immense sums of solid waste, which include fly ash and coal sludge. This waste contains arsenic, quicksilver, Cr, Cd, and other metals that argon all harmful to the environment ( Union of Concerned Scientists ) . These are tho a few of the many illustrations of the negative environmental impacts related to coal. AThe coal industry besides faces many societal challenges nevertheless, at this magazine we are merely traveling to concentrate on the health jeopardies related to coal and employee safety device. Working in the coal industry environment for an drawn-out period of clip can do legion wellness jobs, such as respiratory issues ( bronchitis, asthma onslaughts, etc. ) , total darkness lung, congestive bosom failure, and some somas of malignant neoplastic disease. Typically workers get these diseases through the extraction, readying, burning, waste storage, and transit of coal ( SourceWatch ) . In add-on, the general populace can besides be affected by emanations from coal-fueled former workss. Employee safety is another societal concern that surrounds the coal industry and justifiably so. This type of industry involves the usage of heavy equipment in unsafe environments, which creates several safety jeopardies. Fire, detonation, the release of gas and structural failure are some of the other safety hazards associated with coal. Overall, archeological site is a rightfully unsafe occupation necessitating workers to be good trained, extremely watchful and cognizant of their work environment at all ms.Finally allow s discuss sustainability. There are new-fashioned figures that show the coal industry is in declination. This is the consequence of new authorities regularisations and regulations, which are curbking to diminish C emanations ( Plumer ) . The industry is seeking to turn to these concern s. Continuous betterments in engineering bring dramatically reduced or eliminated many of the environmental impacts traditionally associated with the usage of coal ( World coal Association ) . Another ground for the upstart declination is the recent in come of tinny natural gas to the United States ( Plumer ) . A With the issues and challenges confronting the coal industry today, it appears the time to come of coal expressions reasonably inexorable.Pressures Confronting Coal IndustryDue to pollution and other dangers caused by the coal industry, environmental groups and authorities ordinances are conveying force per unit of measurement area. Both environmental groups and authorities ordinances are forcing the coal industry to be vindicatedable by toy forthing energy that creates small injury for the environment. As a consequence of these force per unit areas, the coal industry may happen itself losing net incomes or may even happen itself being replaced by beginnings of wantoner energy.A The most popular environmental group forcing the coal industry is the Greenpeace group, as they are the largest fencesitter direct-action environmental organisation in the universe ( Greenpeace.org ) . Some actions by Greenpeace include the start of an Energy change which includes a Quit Coal Campaign . Harmonizing to the Greenpeace web site, this run encourages renewable energy and battles to extinguish the usage of coal because, a 3rd of all C dioxide emissions come from firing coal ( Greenpeace.org ) . Along with Greenpeace, at that place are many other environmental groups that feel been prosecuting the coal industry for many old ages and harmonizing to recent articles in The bare-ass York Times, these activist groups amaze moved in for the putting to death ( Coal ) . competitory groups in resistance to the coal industry can even be found on the Virginia technical educate campus. Greenpeace at Virginia tech and VT Beyond Coal are two major groups on campus that are contending for a better environment. Harmonizing to the web site of VT Beyond Coal, the campus power works burns 46,000 dozenss of coal ( VT Beyond Coal ) . VT Beyond Coal has started a request that is committed to transitioning VT s coal works to 100 % clean and renewable energy by 2020. A This request to Invent a clean hereafter is portion of a motion that involves over 60 universities in the United States and the motion has ends to change over campuses to clean energy ( VT Beyond Coal ) .Along with force per unit areas from militant groups, ordinances imposed by the environmental Protection Agency are going stricter and progressively complex. A recent article from Yahoo finance studies that the Environmental Protection Agency is presently working with President Obama to increase ordinances on coal ( Coal Stocks Fall Sharply as More Regulations Feared ) . A Yahoo Finance besides states that the EPA has imposed bounce on pollutants such as C dioxide, quicksilver and S dioxide, which have made it more high-ticket(prenominal) for public-service corporation companies to fire coal for energy coevals. As a consequence of the ordinances, some coal workss have experienced closings due to increased operating costs. Along with doing coal works retirement, the expectancy of increased ordinance besides led Yahoo Finance to describe that coal stocks across the board fell acutely ( Coal Stocks Fall Sharply as More Regulations Feared ) .Although coal has seen a diminution in popularity, studies from The New York Times have revealed that the planetary demand for coal is expected to turn to 8.9 billion dozenss by 2016 ( Coal ) . Even though there is still demand for coal, The New York Times reports that coal is on the diminution and provides nearly a 3rd of the state s power, merely four old ages ago it was render about half ( Coal ) . Activist organisations every office good as ordinances have contributed to the d iminution in coal s laterality and the coal industry may happen its companies losing net incomes or even happen itself being replaced by cleaner beginnings of energy if coal can non be more environmentally friendly. ACorporate Social Responsibility ActivitiesBecause there are a figure of ethical issues confronting the coal industry, coal companies have been working to better the societal and environmental impact of their activities. Peabody Energy and unholy Coal are good known in the industry for their impressive corporate societal activities.Peabody Energy is one of the largest hush-hush sector coal companies worldwide. It is Peabody Energy s mission to be a prima worldwide manufacturing business and provider of sustainable energy solutions that enable economic prosperity and a better quality of life ( Peabody Energy Corporate Responsibility ) . As portion of their corporate responsibility, they have been turn toing issues in employee, economic, public, and environmental du ties.Peabody stresses its Safety Vision of forestalling incidents, occupational unwellnesss, and belongings harm. Because of the importance the company places on safety, attempts have been made in Peabody s planetary workss to increase safety in the workplace by using studies and appraisals to have feedback from their employees. Peabody initiated the installment of an belowground communications system to ease communicating between mineworkers belowground and mineworkers stationed above impart in 2011. This betterment gave the belowground mineworkers faster entree to deliver squads in the event of an incident. Peabody has about 65 safety Chamberss installed at Peabody s belowground operations with supplies such as O, nutrient, and H2O, in the event of an sine qua non ( Peabody Energy CSR pass over 24 ) . Keeping safety as the company s extreme precedence, Peabody get rid ofers a preparation plan, Safety a Way of Life which is directed towards employees to easy transition into Peabody s safety systems and procedures.A A A A A A A In add-on to employee duty, Peabody Energy believes in the importance of continuing the environment and utilizing sustainable patterns. The cardinal rule of their mission is to go forth the land in a status equal to or better than we found it ( Peabody Energy CSR Report 34 ) . A Peabody has been happening better patterns to reconstruct lands, wildlife home grounds, hardwood woods, and wetlands. In 2011 Peabody restored more than 5,100 estates of land and set more than 360,000 trees ( Peabody Energy CSR Report 36 ) . Presently, Peabody has a recycling and waste direction plan think for the reuse of the waste produced from coal excavation activities. The company was able to increase the volume of recycled lubricating oil by more than 100 per centum ( Peabody Energy CSR Report 38 ) . As a planetary leader in clean coal excavation solutions, Peabody has been researching and puting in better patterns related to clean coal engineerings in the countries of nursery gas strength, emanations strength, and C policy. An illustration of their under winning is with the U.S Geological batch in 2006. A Peabody and the U.S Geological Survey combined attempts to mensurate methane content and desorption testing in big surface mines ( Peabody Energy CSR Report 39 ) .A A A A A A A Like Peabody Energy, archway Coal has been concentrating on the same countries of duties in safety and environmental conditions. Like the attempts of Peabody, safety is a precedence to Arch Coal therefore the company has been working to happen betterments of doing the working environment safer for employees. The company promotes the Perfect zero in rule of nothing hurts and zero environmental misdemeanors. Harmonizing to Arch Coal s CSR Report, the company has invested $ 14 trillion in a bipartisan communicating and tracking system to forestall accidents in belowground mines ( Arch Coal, Inc. ) . Arch Coal has been doing atte mpts to happen more advanced coal engineerings solutions that target planetary nursery emanations and the moderate of airborne emanations.Coal companies are more active in their corporate societal duties than of all time earlier. Because the industry itself is so unsafe for both employees. Coal companies have been working hard to supply the set environment and resources for employees. Furthermore, because the environment is harmfully affected by the activities of coal companies, companies are taking more world-class to concentrate and take duty for their actions.Investing Policy RecommendationsVirginia technical school needs to take corporate societal duty and ethical issues of the coal industry into history when finding its investing determinations. Energy from coal is under a batch of examination in the populace oculus since it is perceived as dirty and outdated engineering. With the hereafter of energy indicating towards clean engineering such as solar and weave energy, Vir ginia Tech needs to be on the head. They need to put themselves as a taking academic establishment that is traveling off from coal and into clean engineering. The motto for the establishment is Invent the Future ( www.vt.edu ) , hence taking the enterprise to be in front of the curve.A A A A A A A When puting the schools endowment fund financess, it is of import to take ethical issues into history but at the same clip non take a fiscal loss. The great thing about non puting in coal but other engineering is that Virginia Tech is taking ethical issues into history but are besides concentrating the financess into an country that is turning at an exponential function rate and will take to fiscal additions instead than losingss.A A A A A A A As a public establishment there is a changeless oculus on Virginia Tech s every move, whether it be policy with pupils, academic rankings, but most significantly where the gift fund decides to put their cash. With that being said, it is acceptab le to take a fiscal loss because you have to take the social force per unit areas into history. Virginia Tech is closely related to the coal industry, with a coal power works on campus and being located in SouthWest Virginia where the environing countries are heavy in coal and employees many local citizens, so it is a tough pick to non put in coal. thusly both sides will be showing their sides in the argument over the investing in coal. Virginia Tech will hold the local coal countries experiencing as though the University is non looking out for them and so there will be the group that is in favour of clean engineering and has been seeking to acquire the school to happen a new beginning for power. By puting in other engineering, they will be seting money into companies that are developing new engineerings that Virginia Tech will be able to utilize to tackle their ain energy for usage on campus and in the environing countries in the hereafter. As they focus their investings into clean er energy and taking ethical grounds over fiscal engineering, the public oculus will alter and they will see Virginia Tech as a leader in the hereafter of energy.Investing RecommendationsWhen looking back at our province it is impossible to bury our love matter with fossil fuels. Fossil fuels, and more specifically coal, have been some of the biggest employers and gross bring forthing industries in the province. In 2006, the entire value of fossil fuels mined in Virginia was about $ 2.4 billion. A Coal accounted for about 72 per centum ( $ 1.7 billion ) of this entire value, while natural gas accounted for about 28 per centum ( $ 660.3 one million million ) , and oil less than 1 per centum ( $ 1.1 million ) ( Virginia Department of Mines Minerals and Energy ) . In recent old ages, harmonizing to Virginia Center for Coal and Research or VEPT, the entire sum of coal produced in the state has been a little more than one billion dozenss , still a immense figure disdain the push fo r new green energy ( VEPT ) . In Virginia, production has been about 30 to forty million dozenss, largely in the southwesterly coalfields ( VEPT ) . A However, coal production has decreased in the province to around 30 million systematically. Our group would propose Virginia Tech to non put in fossil fuels and specifically coal excavation as coal monetary values have decreased while the costs for obtaining and runing mines have increased. This is due to a figure of factors, one of the most of import is the tendency of coal excavation traveling westward to provinces like Wyoming where excavation is cheaper and easier due to the geological conditions. One major job is that about all coal mines in the Appalachian country are belowground mines in contrast to their western turnabout numbers which tend to be surface mines leting for easier and cheaper extraction. Virginia besides has had a long history of coal excavation which has led to the depletion of easy gettable reservoirs coerc ing excavation houses to look for untapped militias in potentially more pricy and hard locations ( VEPT ) .There are many cause attributed to the usage of fossil fuels, from wellness concerns such as higher rates of asthma in countries with heavy pollution, but besides the potentially annihilating effects of planetary heating ( M.A. Palmer 148 ) . These are merely a few of the ethical concerns confronting an industry every bit controversial as the coal industry. Specifically, the coal industry creates many issues for the environments that contain coal mines. Coal mines generate big sums of solid waste particularly when sing that several coal excavation companies engage in the pattern of mountaintop remotion. Mountaintop excavation uses explosives to expose the coal seams and transform what would hold been belowground excavation to a signifier of surface excavation. This is a common method of excavation in the Appalachian Mountains. Surveies have shown that mountaintop excavation ha s had really serious effects for the environment. One of the biggest impacts of this signifier of excavation is the taint of local water partings. This is caused by puting the undesired stuffs created by exposing the coal seam in vales or filler holes which necessarily ends up polluting watercourses that finally flow into the watershed. Exposure to these watercourses have been shown to take to hospitalization for a assortment of wellness concerns including Ratess of mortality, lung malignant neoplastic disease, every bit good as chronic bosom, lung and kidney disease are besides increased ( M.A. Palmer 148 ) .A A A A A A A A A A Alternatively of puting in more untapped militias our group would alternatively look towards more renewable resources to cover our energy demands. The energy produced in Virginia histories for less than half the entire energy consumed in the province taking to the obvious ratiocination that the province relies on other beginnings to supply energy. A Ba sed on estimations by The U.S. Energy Information Administration, Virginia Energy ingestion was estimated to be 2,558 trillion BTU while the energy produced as fossil fuels mined in Virginia energy consumed as about 28 % of entire ingestion including all energy signifiers non merely. In Virginia Coal-fired power workss remains the largest ball of electrical power coevals in the province with 45 % ( Virginia Department of Mines and Minerals and Energy ) .DecisionAfter reexamining the ethical issues, force per unit areas, and societal duty activities we have concluded that although the coal industry is profitable, it would be unethical for Virginia Tech s gift to put in the industry. By traveling off of the guide word Invent the Future, we recommend that Virginia Tech take into history the ethical picks in cleaner engineering, hence puting in a cleaner hereafter for both the school and environing countries.

Marketing Explanation Essay

Background of marketingStarting In the 1920s it was the yieldion era. A product was thought to be good if it was bought by a node. Producers could only interchange what they could produce. From the 1950s marketing was shown in a sales era. Customers didnt acquire anything unless they needed it. Communication and persuading customers to buy your good was now stronger then it was so some companies goods were better than others. From the 1960s onwards most markets hand all over become saturated (the size of the market remains the same). This means that in that location is now intense contest for customers. The sophistication of marketing management has accordingly developed into what we now see in a modernistic marketing department.Marketers ar involved at a strategic level within the brass instrument and therefore inform an organisation about what should be produced, where it should be sold, how much should be charged for it and how it should be communicated to consumers. modern font marketers research markets and consumers. They attempt to understand consumer needs (and potential needs) and allocate organisational resources appropriately to decent these needs. Modern marketers be particularly interested in brands. They are also increasingly interested in ensuring that employees understand marketing, i.e. that everyone within the organisation involves themselves with marketing activities. Started from the 1990s organisation had to start considering what customers actually want and had to form relationships to create liege customers.Function of marketingThe function of marketing is to encompass the whole process of deciding which product and work the customer will want and how will they be delivered to the customer. (Travel & Tourism book 1, Page 112)What are the aims of marketing?* Meet customers needs* discern the competition* Manage any threats* Research customers need* Know the marketMarketing MixThe marketing mix describes the key elements that an organisation uses to inform and persuade and meet the customers needs using the 4 Ps. The 4 Ps are* Product* expenditure* Place* PromotionProduct a product is anything that is offered to the marketplace that can satisfy a customers perceived need (Eric Davies, Successful marketing book, 2012, page 78) Price How much the product is world sold to the customer for? Place The place of marketing focus of how the product is contri hardlyed to the customers and where it is being stored. Promotion who the product is being sold to (target audience) Marketing Segmentation marketing segmentation is the way how the target market is divide into different sectors that are a best fit for them. The 4 groups are* demographic* Social-economic* Geographical* PsychographDemographic segmentation Gender, age, income, housing type, and education level are common demographic variables. (http//www.decisionanalyst.com)Social-economic segmentation chief(prenominal)ly break in youre through your personality. The main groups are consumer attitudes, values, behaviours, emotions, perceptions, beliefs, and interests. Geographical segmentation This is based on where you live e.g. conduct code Psychographic segmentation This isperhaps the most common form of market segmentation, wherein companies segment the market by attacking a restricted geographic area. For example, corporations may choose to market their brands in certain countries, but not in others. (http//www.decisionanalyst.com)E-marketing The process of using digital technology to market products and services.Company ethos Values and beliefs that particularize the company, normally expressed in vision & mission statements. Virgin Atlantic representation StatementSafety, hostage and consistent delivery of the basics are the foundation of everything we do.The success of our three year strategy requires us to build on these foundations by focusing on the business and leisure markets and driving efficiency and effectiv eness. (http//www.virgin-atlantic.com)Ryanair Mission StatementRyanair will become Europes most profitable lowest cost air duct by rolling out our proven low-fare-no-frills service in all markets in which we operate, to the benefit of our passengers, plurality and shareholders. Ryanairs objective is to firmly establish itself as Europes leading low-faresscheduled passenger air duct through continued improvements and expandedofferings of its low-fare service. Ryanairs goal is to provide a no frills service with low fares knowing to stimulate demand. (http//www.scribd.com)Consumer protection Rules & legislations that protect customers from many bad problems e.g. fraud, flight delay. There are 3 Main act that cover consumers. They are* The Consumer Act 1987* data Protection Act 1998* The Unfair In Consumer accept Regulations 1999The Consumer Act 1987 An Act to make provision with respect to the liability of persons for damage caused by defective products to unite with make bett erments the Consumer Safety Act 1978 and the Consumer Safety (Amendment) Act 1986 to make provision with respect to the giving of price indications to amend Part I of the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 and sections 31 and 80 of the Explosives Act 1875 to repeal the Trade Descriptions Act 1972 and the Fabrics (Misdescription) Act 1913 and for connected purposes. (http//www.legislation.gov.uk, 15th May 1987)So if there was an item on the plane that says its 69p but its scanned as 80p you nonplus a right to purchase it for 69p. Data Protection Act 1998 The Data Protection Act (DPA) gives individuals the right to know what information is held about them, and provides a framework to ensure that personal information is handled properly. (http//www.admin.ox.ac.uk)The Unfair In Consumer Contract Regulations 1999 The Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999 (SI 1999 No 2083) (the Regulations) recognize that, in many circumstances, consumers have no power or influence ove r the details of the terms which they are asked to agree to when entering into consumer contracts. The purpose of the Regulations is to set a framework within which firms must work when drawing up their contact terms and conditions, and appoints certain third parties (known as offer Bodies) who are authorized to challenge firms when they think a particular term is unfair. (http//www.cml.org.uk)Standards of practice The advertising standards post is an independent body set up to police the rules for advertising, sales, promotion and direct marketing. The system is aiming to protect consumers and contain the integrity or marketing communications.P.E.S.TP.E.S.T stands for* P- political* E- economic* S- sociocultural* T- technologicalTravel & tourism organisations have to be aware of the external factors that pertain or influence their business.Political factors some political factors that would affect an organisation are* Changes of government* Increase in tax* Security lawEconomic alSome economic factors that would affect an organisation are* Recession* Exchange rates* UnemploymentSocio-culturalSome socio-cultural factors that would affect an organisation are* More tourists* Income/trendsTechnologicalSome technological factors that would affect an organisation are*New technology* Websites* ITReferences1. (www.cim.co.uk)2. http//www.atkinsmarketingsolutions.com/wp/2011/04/07/dr-philip-kotler-defines-marketing/ Friday, 16 November 2012 3. (Eric Davies, Successful marketing book, 2012, page 8)4. (Travel & Tourism book 1, Page 112)5. (Eric Davies, Successful marketing book, 2012, page 78)6. (http//www.decisionanalyst.com/publ_art/marketsegmentation.dai) 7. (http//www.decisionanalyst.com/publ_art/marketsegmentation.dai) 8. (http//www.virgin-atlantic.com/en/gb/allaboutus/missionstatement/index.jsp) 9. (http//www.scribd.com/doc/80225985/Marketing-Plan-for-Ryanair) 10. (http//www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/43,15th May 1987) 11. (http//www.admin.ox.ac.uk/dataprotec tion/)

Rules of Interpretation

Astatuteis a formal written personation of alegislativeauthority that governs astate,city, orcounty. Typically, statutes command or prohibit something, or hold policy. Statutory interpretationis the process by which courts interpret and applylegislation. Some amount of interpretation is endlessly necessary when a illustration involves astatute. Sometimes the sound outs of a statute have a plain and straightforward guessing. But in many cases, there is someambiguityor vaguenessin the interchanges of the statute that must be resolved by the judge.To find the meanings of statutes, judges use various(a) tools and methods of statutory interpretation, including formulas of interpretation. The five (5) main rules of statutory interpretation argon 1. The Context die hard When the context rule is use to interpret an act it is understood with reference to the backchats which are in immediate fraternity to it. This can be expressed by the Latin maximum noscitur a sociis which means a word may be known by the company it keeps when translated.The context rule is a more exact way of interpreting a statute because in each rule we tend to find out the meaning of a statute by learning about the context in which it was written. When a word stand alone it may have one specific definition however when one word is used in more than one context it may have a variety of diametrical meanings. When using the context rule one should consult the definition section of the statute and the Interpretation Act. 2.Interpretation in the Light of Policy ( The Fringe Meaning) Courts often announce that that they are trying to discover the intention of the legislature when interpreting statutes. If the courts find it difficult to decide whether a particular situation falls within a statute or not, the situation was probably unforeseen by the legislature. In this case the members of parliament would be just as confused as the judges. When statutes are constructed the maker of the do cument may not mean to include that which the court is concerned to ascertain, but they have said. . The Mischief Rule When the mischief rule is utilize the act or document is to be constructed to suppress mischief and advance the remedy. In applying the rule, the court is essentially asking what was the mischief that the previous law did not cover? The Mischief Rule is of narrower application than the chromatic ruleor the actualrule in the sense that it can only be used to interpret a statute and only when the statute was passed to remedy a defect in the everyday law.The way in which the mischief rule can produce more sensible out suffers than those that would result if the literal rule were applied is illustrated by the ruling inSmith v Hughes(1960). It was a crime for prostitutes to lounge about or solicit in the street for the purposes of prostitution. The defendants were calling to men in the street from balconies and tapping on windows. They claimed they were not guilty as they were not in the street. The judge applied the mischief rule to come to the conclusion that they were guilty as the intention of the Act was to cover the mischief of harassment from prostitutes. . The Literal Rule Literal rule states that if the run-in in an act are precise and unambiguous then they should be used in their natural and ordinary sense. The court can not extend the statute to a case outside of its terms bit with its purpose. Neither can it leave out the case that the statutes literally include thought it should not. If any doubt arises then the circumstances behind the enactment of the act are taken into consideration. Thus if the words are clear in themselves then they are to be swan into effect. 5.The Golden Rule In golden rule, the meaning of the words are modified in rewrite to avoid repugnance, inconsistency or absurdity. This rule applies in a few cases. In the first case the rule allows the court to prefer a sensible meaning, which would be the most obv ious, to an absurd one until now though both are possible. In another case this rule will only be used if the words are absolutely incapable of coinciding with the obvious intention of the statute. It is only where the words will avoid an unreasonable result that they must prevail.

Latin America’s Access to International Capital Markets: Good Behavior or Global Liquidity?

Latin the States gained independence in early 19th century. From that meter on, it showed active connection in worldwide business endeavors through borrowings. The active participation of Latin the States in world(prenominal) capital markets started when independence wars emerge in the history of the region. The series of borrowings by Latin America to international capital markets was stopped when several Latin American countries defaulted in its payments.Hence, international markets disappe atomic number 18d to begin with the Latin American countries as a source financial aid. In the year 1970, Latin America participated again in having irritate to international capital markets. But, that participation became short-lived due to the fact that Mexico defaulted in its financial obligations with international capital markets. As a result, all Latin American countries lost access to international borrowings.There are deuce-ace main suspicions that trigger the peoples minds in s inging to the seek study. The basic question is anchored on whether or not the erratic international capital markets reach the boom-bust strain in Latin Americas participation in international borrowings. The second question is posed on whether or not the volatile nature of Latin Americas economies caused the boom-bust pattern in Latin Americas participation in international borrowings.And the third question pertains to whether or not international primary gross issuance is vital to Latin Americas stinting condition. In line with that, a collection of issuance data for twenty Latin American countries was stainless which resulted to the discovery of three groups of typical economies. The first group of typical economies pertains to those Latin American countries with active participation in international capital markets which include Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Columbia, Mexico, and Venezuela (Fostel & Kaminsky, 2007, p. ). The second group of typical economies is wizard with mor e limited access to intentional borrowings which is composed of Bolivia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Panama, Peru, and Uruguay (Fostel & Kaminsky, 2007, p. 1). The third group of typical economies is one without participation in international markets and with no international issuance bond and equity which is composed of Haiti, Nicaragua, and Paraguay (Fostel & Kaminsky, 2007, p. 1).The first group is the focus of the research study for the purpose of examining whether or not good behavior or global liquidity is the cause of the boom-bust pattern of Latin Americas participation in international capital markets business activities. Basically, the research paper revolves around the explanation on Latin Americas access to international markets. The doing of the trade account and the development of financing in soaring, average, and stumpy income countries are discussed with clarity.Besides, the skillful presentation about the evolution o f transfers involving official and private capital flows is apparent. The in-depth discussion about the three international capital markets like bonds, equity and syndicated loans of which some Latin American countries gained access provides readers the necessary companionship about the topic. The data presented by the researchers with respect to international gross issuance among the countries that belongs to the first typical economies is recyclable in understanding the development of the participation of Latin America in international capital markets.Hence, the research paper is successful in giving complete and reliable information regarding Latin Americas access to international borrowings. Finally, global liquidation may be considered vital to access in international capital markets for Latin American countries, but still good behaviors matters most. This fact was exemplified by the positive slaying of Argentina, Brazil, and Chile in terms of financial obligation payments d uring the 1990s (Fostel & Kaminsky, 2007, p. 1). The result of such superior performance is eventual macroeconomic stabilization.

Business Mgt Essay

Part I. Assume you lead taken over responsibility to play the lead selective education Technology (IT) heed role in Magnum Enterprises. Your boss, Rachel Heigl, is Magnums CIO. The IT counselling group is comprised of six people who you pass on be supervising. Ms. Heigl is an enlightened manager, and she believes that if you argon to drip out your responsibilities effectively, you read to work with her in defining your IT management role. As a first step, she invites you to economise a short statement where you describe what you see to be your role as head of the IT management effort at Magnum. Proper IT Management requires researching and discerning learning technology as a c wholeer pick guiding both operational and crucial family capabilities. Using information technology to maximise satisfaction of the guest alongside productivity and profitability leave alone stop up that our competiveness with other rail centering line stay at a maximum.In turn IT lot make chore influencees more effective and expeditious to provide said resources to customers. The lead IT shall ensure performance of the comp any through with(predicate) managing technology while encompassing priorities of the line of reasoning into the role. Striving to be a partner with great initiative this business get out tell its leader will nourish accomplished and achieved what they desired. My first role of business would be to establish the parameters and to recognize the IT knowledge areas. These are made up of training processes management disputes information technologies, business applications and understructure concepts. Concepts of the metrical foot are devising sure the role of information systems paired with business and skilful concepts are a familiarity with the end exploiter. Familiarity of concepts in entry level information systems bind with a competitive strategy cigarette lead to an overwhelming strategic advantage.Educating Magnums squad up u pon the signifi stackce of information technology with the three roles that the business world performs in put to combine business management, bundle, and information processing system hardware capabilities. At the Management level, decision making would lead to significant improvements for IT utilization. Business trading operations see information systems as a huge life to review and collect data from financial operations, managing manufacturing processes that are very sophisticated, tracking company blood line, and productivity. The use of poetic rhythm paired with identifying trends to assist the company in making informed decisions faster to provide information realisticly our competitors. ITis used quite often to provide a strategic support advantage for the company. Automated inventory and rules of ordering systems an assist with the savings costs. With this information we would affect to review our mission statement that identifies the companys functions, provid es oversight on the overall goal, a sense of direction, and guides decision making.Investigating and culture towards sympathy how we reach money and ensuring a customer base for our company. Envisioning the business figure, mission, with current IT structure and the ability to go a traverse with senior leadership will guide me with required tools to assist the Chief Information Officer (CIO). To ensure a strategic IT final cause is created in which will be shared and implemented with my team. Planning to have Magnums team familiar with data resource management capabilities, hardware, lucres, telecommunications, and parcel within the company is the entropy area of information systems cognise as information technologies. In todays society organizers (personal digital assistants IE. Blackberrys ETC.) Personal computers and mesh topology servers are integral computer hardware and are crucial in our business surround. Being extremely knowledgeable is vital to our team troubl eshooting and solution hardware issues instead of having to call a nonher company for maintenance.We have the ability to break down our companys software into two categories, application software and system software. Both types normally off the consumer shelf as commercial software instead of having an employee on the team write the software codes for these programs. I plan to ensure my teams are extremely familiar with all software programs and have a firm foundation when troubleshooting and resolving technical issues. Additionally, if not already formed, I will institute a configuration take for board and implement test scenarios to ensure future hardware and software macrocosm purchased will not have compatibility issues. Also a part of information technologies is data resource management. This is essential in sustaining and maintaining our company. We will require a database management system of good quality that is capable of data consolidating into a database in turn can b e accessed my several program applications.Within the past fifteen to twenty long time earningss and telecommunications software have played a vital role. To ensure the expansion and growth for Magnum Enterprises, we will need out network to be consistent, trustworthy, monetary sufficient. I would prepare the team toeither install or review and change as needed our network management system that assists with traffic management, capacity planning, network monitoring, and security in essence that our system will grow and change with modern day business culture and practices as the company expands. In order to have the most dependable and proven with the cost of it a ring network should be put into place. The next area, growth processes, deals with designing, planning, identifying ideas, and implementing information systems to obtain potential difference business opportunities. It is critical that we ensure our business management capabilities alongside our hardware and software a re integrate successfully within our company. Basis within the development process and depending upon the circumstance, there are a bracing of processes we want our team to employ as resolving problems com along with our business systems. Those processes are considered or known as the prototyping coming and he systems development life-cycle.The synopsis of prototyping involves quickly evolution or constructing test modules of a desired system in which we will engage when we cannot determine or classify the end user requirements. These systems would be used to assist our personnel with the capabilities to design or create an information system that will be intuitive and easy to navigate for consumers. Prototyping involves four steps with the first existence investigation and psychoanalysis step. This step, requirements grouped and defined. Second, is the analysis and design step in which a model is developed and constructed to meet consumer business requirements. Next, in the d esign and implementation, this finalizes the model that was tried and begins the initial installation. The last step to this four step process is implementation and maintenance, which would consist of the business system being accepted, used, and maintained. Prototyping advantages are decrease in the development time, development costs and requires user involvement. This generates higher satisfaction results. I plan to employ this type of approach to shrimpy initiatives.The next area is business application for information systems. This will consist of being familiar with business and business applications for our employees and which are used within the company to make strategic leadership and management decisions. A few of the most used business applications within a studyity of companies are accounting, gentle resource management, enterprise resource planning, supply chain management, customer alliance management, financial management,and supply chain management. An architec tural picture of or IT business applications will ensure that I will have familiarity with all applications that we use. This approach will identify the current interrelationships, interfaces with customer, employees, business applications, and stake holders. We will then need to review the map and see if there are any potential process improvements that we can make to integrate those systems cross functionally and keep operational costs to a minimum. The systems development lifecycle employs the systems approach to create IT solutions.This lifecycle is often utilised for large applications and it is composed of five processes that I expect my team to know and become familiar when employing the systems development lifecycle systems investigation, systems analysis, systems design, systems implementation and systems maintenance. The first process, systems investigation, involves project brainstorming, planning and performing a feasibility study. During the brainstorming and planning initiative, a project management implementation plan is created identifying the detailed steps that will be accomplished during the humanity and development of the system. The feasibility study is critically big as this outlines all requirements for the system. It also explores four major areas, brass instrumental, economic, technical, and operational feasibility, which determines if its worthwhile to invest in potential business ventures.In reviewing the organizations feasibility, we need to determine if the system is in line with and supports our companys strategic objectives. The economic feasibility identifies and evaluates the projects tangible and intangible cost and benefits. Technical feasibility is assessed by confirming if the necessary hardware and software will be available or can be developed and tested before implementation. Operational feasibility is determined by the motivation, desire, willingness, and competence of the stakeholders (management, employees, custo mers and suppliers) to use and see the proposed system. Systems Analysis consists of consolidating requirements and implicates a detailed breakdown of the business ask and requirements of the organization. This starts with an organizational analysis from one of the business end users. This idiosyncratic must be keenly aware of the organizational management structure, business requirements, and current IT systems operations and its proposed relationship with the newly created system.Some of the outputs generated from the systems analysis acknowledge system flowcharts, data flow diagrams, and connectivity diagrams which aid in the development of the analysis report The next process, systems design, focuses on the design, process diagrams, business rules, and growing specifications for the hardware, software, data resources that will meet the proposed requirements for new business system. The three major outputs produced from the systems design phase are user data, interface, and process design. The fourthly process of the systems development lifecycle is system implementation. This encompasses either acquiring the hardware or software or developing it from company resources and then testing the products in a test environment to see how well they operate and integrate with your existing IT architecture. If testing goes well, an implementation plan including training end users and developing system enfranchisement will be accomplished prior to incorporating and executing this system within our IT architecture.The final process, systems maintenance consists of systematically monitoring and evaluating the newly implemented system. This also includes correcting errors and discrepancies not identified during the testing phase and continuously making system improvements, advancements and upgrades. The final area of information systems is management challenges. There are numerous challenges that our IT team may be faced with at Magnum Enterprises. One challeng e is addressing our security concerns which involve several areas. For instance, our IT team needs be constantly vigilant and on the alert for potential competitors trying to or very hacking into our systems to luxate or damage our data. Additionally, we may also be challenged with setting up restrictions and locking down the network for personnel to only use the network and its software applications for official business. Ensuring that our software is entertainled and that employees are not lawlessly making copies of software for personal use is another area of concern.Preventing virus attacks to our network and installing anti-virus software to diagnose and remove computer viruses is of utmost concern. Failure to maintain a secure network can potentially halt our business from being productive and resulting in thousands of dollars in lost revenue. Additional challenges the IT team may be faced with may involve expanding our infrastructure and network to address our growing busi ness. Ensuring our network provides our employees accessibility to the data they need, wherever they require it, regardless of their location will test our innovativeness.The company may not have a backup plan to allow it to operate effectively and efficiently in the event of a forced relocation. If that is the case, I will recommend to our management staff that we establish a continuity of operations plan enabling us to relocate with minimum impact to our business operations like a hot site for temporary functionality.In the dynamic world of IT we will ever so be faced with challenges, however, utilizing IT and being on the leading edge of new IT systems provides our business with many benefits and makes our organization more effective and efficient. For example, IT can be used to improve and promote new business processes such(prenominal) as creating an automated inventory system which will save money in admissional job costs. Another use of IT in making it more efficient and e ffective is that using certain software programs enables us to identify and target our top customers in terms of profitability to our business. In summary, IT enables our company to successfully plan, integrate, manage, and carry out strategies which lead to profit.Part II. Six months after you take over the lead IT management role at Magnum, the CIO, Ms. Rachel Heigl, is pleased with your work. She has just attended a confrontation of Magnums executive commissioning (the committee comprised of the most senior managers of Magnum), where the CEO and Vice President of merchandise have indicated that Magnums just e-business capabilities must be strengthened. As CIO, Ms. Heigl is given primary responsibility in improving Magnums e-business performance. She in turn puts you in charge of a small task force comprised of representatives from the marketing, operations, finance, and legal divisions. In order to advance and improve Magnums e-business performance operations, its vital I es tablish a adhesive team with representatives from the marketing, operations, finance, and legal departments. Their input and perspective is necessary and essential in developing a way ahead and strategic plan for the future of our e-business department. Developing success with our e-business begins with marketing the company.Marketing is concerned with developing and creating an innovative plan so that the product or service can be promoted and sold. Promoting our products and services are key and critical in attracting new customers as well as maintaining our current customer base. It is important that I develop an understanding of the marketing role and how it can benefitby using Information Technology systems. Marketing information systems support well established and e-commerce processes that sustain major elements within the marketing function and is described as a continuing and interacting structure of people, equipment and procedures to gather, sort, analyze, evaluate, and d istribute pertinent, timely and accurate information for use by marketing decision makers to improve their marketing planning, implementation, and control.The major components of marketing information systems include interactive marketing, gross revenue force automation, customer relationship management, sales management, product management, targeted marketing, and market research. Two of the septet components I will be discussing are interactive marketing and customer relationship management. In our environment today, marketing information systems aid marketing personnel in a transition of tasks associated with branding products and customer service initiatives. For instance, interactive marketing is largely dependent on utilizing the internet, which permits the business and its customers and potential customers to become partners in developing, socializing, acquiring and advancing products and services. With the IT department enabling this type of communication, the company bene fits from generating new ideas for other products and services as well as establishing strong customer loyalty. Another area within the marketing information systems is guest Relationship Management (CRM).This incorporates and automates many customer service processes. It consists of utilizing an IT framework to construct, automate, and integrate marketing processes with the companys business operations. CRM is usually comprised of a software suite that allows a business to provide efficient, effective and reliable service to its customers. Additionally, CRM permits a company to identify and target their most important customers as well as facilitate real-time customization of products and services based on the customers wants and desires. Understanding the marketing departments views and concerns enables the IT department to implement and install an IT infrastructure that will be capable of supporting various information technologies. Some of the benefits that can be obtained fro m the marketing department are an opportunity to increase sales and revenue, a chance to touch new market areas, 24/7 accessibility for the customer, and more flexibility and convenience for the customers.The production and operations function is supported bymanufacturing information systems. Manufacturing information systems are intentional to be used specifically in an operations and production environment. Different types of manufacturing information systems consist of computer integrated manufacturing (CIM), process control, machine control and robotics. CIM involves using computers to control the total manufacturing process, from design to distribution, to produce produces products of the highest caliber. bring control involves utilizing computers to oversee and control continuing physical processes. Machine control consists of using a computer based system to direct the actions of a machine. Robotics involves designing, constructing, and building machines that have the inte lligence of a computer and human like physical capabilities. Its key I understand how the operations representative depends on these information systems to operate effectively as well as their expectations for these systems. Working together as a team will enable the IT and operations department to develop better ideas to increase the manufacturing and production process.Developing an understanding of all the accounting and financial based systems within our business and discussing these systems with the finance representative enables our IT and finance departments to plan effectively when troubleshooting and performing upgrades. These systems include but are not limited to order processing, inventory control, accounts receivable, accounts payable, payroll, normal ledger, cash management, investment management, capital budgeting and financial planning. The success of these systems is integrally connected with its information technology and services. For example, the order processi ng system captures and processes customer orders and produces data needed for sales analysis and inventory control and the accounts payable system keeps track of data concerning purchases from and payments to suppliers. Communicating with the finance representative is essential in setting up or modifying these systems to meet the needs of our business. Any interruption or degradation in service can lead to severe damage to the business and financial services that Magnum Enterprises relies on to function and operate.As with any business, competitors are always looking for an advantage to get them ahead in their particular discipline or industry. Unfortunately, being extremely aggressive and ambitious can sometimes cloud your decision making capabilities to the diaphragm that you maybe committing breaking privacy laws and monitoring and copy in effect(p) violations. As the IT lead manager for Magnum Enterprises, Im charged with ensuring our network infrastructure and IT systems are o perating proficiently. However, when it comes to addressing privacy issues from an IT perspective, opinions and viewpoints from a legal technological are necessary. In regards to privacy, several websites accumulate usernames and passwords and personal information such as home addresses and telephony numbers without authorization from users.Applying internet monitoring technology within the workplace raises concerns about where the boundaries lie betwixt personal use and public resource use. Copyright concerns and violations has become an issue with the development of the Internet and upgrades to technology. Discussing these concerns with a legal expert and implementing and adhering to strict guidelines will attend to prevent our company from committing these violations. In addition to the goals of modify the capabilities of the e-business, attention must be paid to some key technical challenges. Overseeing secure information throughout our business is extremely difficult to im plement and maintain successfully. Key technical issues that may be encountered when re-engineering our e-business include privacy and confidentiality, authenticity, data integrity, access control, availability and infrastructure. Privacy and confidentiality involves businesses protecting and securing personal information while being stored or transmitted through email. This can be accomplished by utilizing encryption devices or firewalls. documentation is used to confirm an individuals individuation and during e-business doings, the purchaser and buyer wants assurance that proper identity is established. A secure way to assist with confirming identity to both individuals is to utilize a virtual private network. Data integrity means the data is correct and has not been altered while being stored or transmitted. The use of firewalls assists in preventing unauthorized users and safeguarding data. Another way to ensure data integrity is through the use of antivirus software which als o aids in keeping your data free from viruses. Access control exists when youre authorizing certain individuals permission to restricted systems or data. Several measures that can help with access control include firewalls, access privileges, passwords, digital certificates and virtual private networks.Availability is an issue when customers and employers need informationwithout any disruptions. Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) systems, data backups and the use of anti-virus software assist with ensuring data is always available. Our e-business infrastructure constantly needs to be monitored to ensure its meeting the needs of our business. An infrastructure that is ineffective to consistently support the network traffic load can potentially cost our company thousands of dollars in lost sales. If the network is continually slow, increasing the speed of the network backbone will assist in providing faster and reliable support for our customers. In addition to increasing the speed of the network backbone, implementing cross-functional enterprise systems will assist in improving critical business processes throughout Magnum enterprises. A final technical challenge is ensuring all of our systems are compatible and can operate on several different hardware platforms. By having this capability, our operating costs from a technical refresh perspective will decrease. While strengthening capabilities and addressing technical issues, there are management challenges within the e-business that must be addressed.As discussed earlier, our team must be vigilant in addressing security challenges such as hacking into our systems, software theft, and protecting our software applications. In addition to security issues, there are ethical concerns that must be addressed. Privacy has always been a sober and contentious issue amongst employers and employees. For instance, computer monitoring is considered by many personnel to be an infringement on the employees privacy and shouldn t be allowed. However, employers argue that since the computer is a company owned resource, they should be allowed to monitor the work of their employer. In reality, many employers are concerned as to whether or not the employee is actually working and producing or just goofing off and surfing the internet. Utilizing IT equipment at work has been mentioned to cause a variety of health issues which management must address.For example, if your job consists of being in front of a computer all day, some of the health problems you may experience damage to the neck and arm muscles, eye strain, carpal tunnel syndrome, job stress, poor posture and poor circulation. Resolutions to some of these health concerns can be through the scholarship of ergonomics. The objective of ergonomics is to devise and create safe health work conditions with the goal of decreasing health issues and increasing employee morale and work productivity. IfMagnum Enterprises has customers internationally, they also may be faced with semipolitical, geo-economic and cultural challenges. From a political concern, there are countries that have restrictions regulating or denying the transfer of data across their borders which can potentially result in customers or businesses from having to pay import or export fees.Geo-economic concerns involve issues such as identifying and locating personnel with IT skills to work at remote sites and communicating with personnel across all 24 time zones. Cultural challenges include differences in languages, cultural interests, religions, customs, social attitudes, and political philosophies. For example, if Magnum Enterprises was conducting a business transaction via a Video Teleconference it would be disrespectful to look them in the eye when introducing yourself. Before meeting an international customer, it would prudent to review their customs and courtesies to ensure a smooth business relationship. Improving Magnums e-business performance faces several chal lenges. Consulting with key department personnel from operations, marketing, finance and legal as well as addressing technical and management obstacles will assist me in charting a plan to put our e-business on the right track towards success.